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Apple can’t replace Python 2 with 3 in macOS because the inner workings of macOS still rely on functionality that’s present in Python 2, and that functionality might not exist- or it’ll just be different-in Python 3.Ġ2:28 It’s not worth their time to re-engineer the OS to use Python 3, so they just leave it alone.Ġ2:37 Having the ability to install different Python interpreters on one system is great for compatibility with older software, but it can complicate things when trying to develop new software. PYTHON MODULES WORKS IN ANACONDA PROMPT BUT NOT IN TERMINAL CODEThe same will happen if you code for Python 2 and try to run it in 3. Just look at Python 2 versus 3 and how they differ regarding printing to stdout (standard out).Ġ1:56 If you code a program with Python 3 and try to run it with 2, all of your print statements-among other things-will break. Aside from this built-in Python, you can install other Python versions, like Python 3-or more specifically, 3.7 or 3.8-and they will all live in different locations on your system.Ġ1:42 This is important because new Python versions are not entirely backwards compatible with old versions. In fact, macOS and most Linux distributions come bundled with an older version of Python, Python 2, which is used for internal system functionality.Ġ1:17 That’s why- if you’ve ever set up a brand new macOS installation and tried to run Python in the terminal-you’ll see a prompt for Python 2. PYTHON MODULES WORKS IN ANACONDA PROMPT BUT NOT IN TERMINAL MACOn Windows, this is called python.exe, and on Mac and other Unix environments, it’s just an executable called python.Ġ1:01 There’s a good chance that you’ve got multiple Python interpreters installed. It’s kind of trippy if you think about it. ![]() The Python interpreter is simply an executable file located somewhere within your system, meaning that it’s literally a program whose job it is to run your Python program. To learn why this is, we have to take a little tour around our operating system.Ġ0:25 When you run a Python program, what you’re really doing is running the Python interpreter and passing it your Python script to interpret and run. This will present itself as an ImportError, meaning that the module you’ve tried to import cannot be located. ![]() You can learn more about virtual environments in Working With Python Virtual Environments.Ġ0:00 A common error that new Pythonistas will come across is that the packages they think they’ve installed are not actually being recognized by Python. This course uses Conda, bundled with Anaconda. There are many different virtual environments to choose from. Virtual environments also allow you to run different versions of the same package with different projects, something not possible if you are using a global Python installation. A virtual environment contains, among other things, a Python interpreter, a pip executable, and a site-packages directory, which is the standard location for most packages downloaded with pip.īy activating a virtual environment within your shell, you expose it to only the pip and Python executables installed within your virtual environments, ensuring that the right versions of both applications are invoked and that packages are always installed to the correct location. Instead, virtual environments are often used to isolate Python installations from one another. You can modify your shell’s PATH so it uses the correct pip executable, or change the PYTHONPATH so that your desired version of Python can find the packages located in a different directory. There are also other ways to get around this issue. Here, python is the path to the desired Python interpreter, so something like /usr/local/bin/python3.7 -m pip will use the pip executable for /usr/local/bin/python3.7. ![]() To use the version of pip specific to your desired Python version, you can use python -m pip. If the wrong pip is invoked, then the packages it installs will likely not be visible to the Python interpreter you’re using, causing the ImportError. The problem is that it’s very common to have multiple Python interpreters installed (and by extension, multiple pip executables.) Depending on your shell’s PATH, running pip may invoke the pip executable linked to the version of Python you’re using, or to a different one. By default, that pip executable will install packages in a location where that specific Python installation can find them. In general, each Python installation comes bundled with its own pip executable, used for installing packages. This happens when you use the wrong installation of pip to install packages. This is caused by the fact that the version of Python you’re running your script with is not configured to search for modules where you’ve installed them. ![]()
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